From 3192a289af8aa68db05cc5322d136cf77366ce46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: xiaoshuai <xiaoshuai@example.com>
Date: Mon, 11 May 2026 13:20:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?fix(nginx):=20=E8=A1=A5=E5=85=85=E5=8F=8D?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=90=91=E4=BB=A3=E7=90=86=E6=95=85=E9=9A=9C=E6=8E=92=E6=9F=A5?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=92=8C=20proxy=5Fpass=20=E9=99=B7=E9=98=B1=E8=AF=B4=E6=98=8E?=
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---
 nginx/SKILL.md | 70 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 70 insertions(+)

diff --git a/nginx/SKILL.md b/nginx/SKILL.md
index d792ecb..e9829ba 100644
--- a/nginx/SKILL.md
+++ b/nginx/SKILL.md
@@ -408,6 +408,55 @@ cat /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf
 
 ## 八、故障排查
 
+### 反向代理常见错误
+
+#### "URL 拼写可能存在错误"
+
+这个错误**不是 Nginx 本身返回的**，而是后端服务（如 Spring Boot、Node.js、Vite 等）返回的。
+
+**排查步骤：**
+```bash
+# 第1步：直接测试后端服务（排除 Nginx 影响）
+curl -v http://127.0.0.1:1234/
+
+# 如果直接访问也报错 → 问题在后端，与 Nginx 无关
+# 如果直接访问正常 → 问题在 Nginx 配置
+```
+
+#### proxy_pass 路径陷阱
+
+```nginx
+# ❌ 错误：末尾多了斜杠，会把 /app/ 替换成 /
+location /app/ {
+    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/;
+}
+
+# ✅ 正确：末尾无斜杠，保持原路径
+location /app/ {
+    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;  # 不加 /
+}
+
+# 特殊情况：需要去掉前缀时
+location /api/ {
+    # rewrite + proxy_pass 末尾斜杠 = 去掉 /api 前缀
+    rewrite ^/api/(.*)$ /$1 break;
+    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/;  # 这里需要斜杠
+}
+```
+
+#### 必备的代理请求头
+
+```nginx
+location / {
+    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:1234;
+    proxy_http_version 1.1;
+    proxy_set_header Host $host;           # 必须
+    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+}
+```
+
 ### 配置测试失败
 
 ```bash
@@ -443,4 +492,25 @@ sudo certbot renew --force-renewal
 
 # 或者重新申请
 sudo certbot certonly --nginx -d example.com
+```
+
+### 快速诊断命令
+
+```bash
+# 1. 检查 Nginx 和后端端口
+sudo lsof -i :1234
+sudo netstat -tlnp | grep nginx
+
+# 2. 直接测试后端
+curl -v http://127.0.0.1:1234/
+
+# 3. 测试 Nginx 配置
+sudo nginx -t
+
+# 4. 查看实时日志
+sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log
+sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log
+
+# 5. 查看完整的已加载配置
+sudo nginx -T
 ```
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