---
name: nginx
description: Nginx 站点配置、反向代理、SSL 证书、热重载
---

# Nginx 管理

## 快速命令

| 命令 | 说明 |
|------|------|
| `sudo nginx -t` | 测试配置语法 |
| `sudo systemctl reload nginx` | 热重载生效 |
| `ls /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/` | 查看已启用站点 |
| `sudo nginx -T` | 查看完整加载配置 |

## 站点配置

站点配置放在 `/etc/nginx/sites-available/`，软链接到 `/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/` 启用。

### 反向代理模板

```nginx
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.xsinfo.vip;
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    server_name www.xsinfo.vip;

    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.xsinfo.vip/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.xsinfo.vip/privkey.pem;
    include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf;
    ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:1234;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}
```

### 启用/禁用站点

```bash
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/mysite /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/mysite
sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/mysite
```

## SSL 证书

```bash
# 申请 Let's Encrypt 证书
sudo certbot --nginx -d www.xsinfo.vip

# 续期测试
sudo certbot renew --dry-run

# 查看已有证书
sudo certbot certificates
```

## 常见问题

| 问题 | 排查 |
|------|------|
| 502 Bad Gateway | `curl http://127.0.0.1:1234` 确认后端运行 |
| 配置无效 | `sudo nginx -t` 检查语法 |
| proxy_pass 路径错 | 末尾斜杠含义不同：无斜杠保持路径，有斜杠替换路径 |